thermodynamic penalty是什么意思

thermodynamic penalty是什么意思 英语翻译2.Microbial surface thermodynamics2.1.Microbial surface thermodynamic measurementMicrobial surface thermodynamic properties can be obtainedthrough contact angle measurements using the vanOss–Chaundhury–Good equation [26]:(1 + cos θ) 英语翻译Once the quantum or classical mechanical treatment hasbeen decided upon,the description of the macroscopic behaviorstarts with the identificationof the thermodynamic variables,number of particles N andinternal energy U,with the average of 英语翻译One of the basic problems in the development and production process of moulds for injection moulding is the control of temperature con-ditions in the mould.Precise study of thermodynamic processes in moulds showed,that heat exchange can b 论文翻译..救助好心人!1. IntroductionThe thermodynamic behaviour of the liquid state is by far the most difficult to understandand to predict due to the inherent complexity of this state of matter, as a consequence of thediversity of molecula 英语翻译有一句英文翻译,怎么查都翻译不通顺,For the open part,a purely theoretical thermodynamic analysis is developed,applying the energy and state equations with appropriate gas heat transfer and mass exchange with the atmosphere 英语翻译A theoretical study on TiO2 morphology (or shape) prediction using a thermodynamic model based on surface energies and tensions also obtained similar results.However,the rod-shaped anatase with a high aspect ratio was observed in the pres 英语翻译Although the existence of microcavities sterically complementary with the template molecule in the imprinted antibody is generally believed,a thermodynamic proof is still absent.imprinted antibody 可以理解为印迹抗体其实就是