行政论文：论焦循对“卦变”说之批评及其《易》学建构[1]

【论文参考网 - 行政管理论文】
??摘要：焦循破除汉人“卦变”说之非，在《易》学史上颇具远识及贡献。他自己创立的另一套解《易》体系，有以下特点：(一)这是一套“之卦”学说，而不是“卦变”说。它是在既定和已生成的64卦基础上，用阴阳互变的“爻动”(爻之)关系解释《周易》经传，不存在卦与卦的相生成问题。(二)焦循这套学说，虽然体系繁密，但不符合历史事实，且多为强《易》就例、牵强附会之论。(三)焦循并没有最后解决《易》学史上“卦变”说的千古难题。论文论文参考网

??关键词：焦循；卦变；之卦

On JIAO Xun''s criticism on the theory of transforming among the hexagrams and the establishment of his I Ching learning

Abstract: JIAO Xun showed his deep insight and contributions in the history of I Ching (the Book of Change） learning by his criticism against the theory of transforming among the hexagrams popular in the Han Dynasty and established another system to interpret Yi. The characteristics of the system are as follows: （1） it is a theory of transformed hexagrams, but not hexagrams transforming, for he, on the basis of the definite and transformed 64 hexagrams, interprets the Text and Commentaries of Zhouyi with the transforming between Yin andYang, thus it is not about the mutual producing between hexagrams; (2） though this system is diverse and complicated, its contents do not accord with the historical facts, and stretches the meaning to yield to his own rules; (3) JIAO Xun did not solve the problem of the theory of transforming among the hexagrams through ages in the history of I Ching learning after all.

Key words: JIAO Xun; theory of the hexagrams'' transforming; theory of transformed hexagrams

一、焦循对汉人“卦变”说之批评及其贡献??

《易》学史上的“卦变”说问题，千古众讼不一，斥之者如宋人郑汝谐、清人黄宗羲、胡渭诸人。至清人焦循著“易学五书”，以为“卦变”之说不可信，其《易图略》一书中对“卦变”的问题论述精审得当，较为全面。焦氏：“说《易》者，必沾沾于‘卦变’、‘反对’者，何也？以《彖传》有‘往来上下进退’之文也。荀(爽)虞(翻)以来，大抵皆据以为说。《传》文不可以强通，故不能画(划)一耳”，正指出了“卦变”说产生之原因。??

焦循批评汉人“卦变”说之偏失，综而核之，有以下几方面。

其一，卦例重出。

??(例一)焦氏：“二阳之卦，自《临》来者，宜为《明夷》《解》《升》《震》四卦；自《观》来者，宜为《晋》《蹇》《萃》《艮》四卦。其《屯》《蒙》《颐》《坎》四卦，可自《观》来，亦可自《临》来，莫知所指……”按，焦氏指出《屯》《蒙》《颐》《坎》四卦依虞翻“卦变”既可自二阳卦《临》之例而来，又可自四阴卦《观》之例来，卦例相重而莫知所出，故不足信。

??(例二)焦氏：“自《遁》来者，宜为《讼》《无妄》《家人》《巽》四卦；自《大壮》来者，宜为《需》《大畜》《睽》《兑》四卦。其《鼎》《革》《大过》《离》四卦，〖ＢＦＱ〗可自《遁》来，亦可自《大壮》来……”〖ＢＦ〗按，如上例，《鼎》《革》《大过》《离》四卦既可行政管理论文